Friday, November 11, 2011

Thoughts for the day (10.11.2011)

12. What are the different kinds of fasting ?  

Hindus fast on certain days of the month such as Purnima (full moon) and Ekadasi (the 11th day of the fortnight of the lunar calendar).  

Certain days of the week is also marked for fasting, depending on individual choices and on one's favorite god and goddess.  

On Saturday, people fast to appease the god of that day, Shani or Saturn. In Kali Yuga, fasting on Saturday night is common for Venkatramana Swami. Some fast on Thursdays the auspicious day for Hanuman or their respective gurus. On Fridays devotees of the goddess Santoshi Mata abstain from taking anything citric.  

Fasting at festivals is common. Hindus all over India observe fast on festivals like Navaratri, Shivratri and Karwa Chauth. Navaratri is a festival when people fast for nine days. Hindus in West Bengal fast on Ashtami, the eighth day of the festival of Durga Puja.  

To sum up here are the fasting days that has been observed in Hinduism as per our Scriptures (Vedas and Dharma Shastras) -  

Ekadasi, Krithigai, Sashti, Chathurthi, Rishi Panjami, Prodhosham, Sravana, Bio Vratham, Saturday, Sunday, Amavasai (New or No Moon), Pournami or Purnima (Full Moon), Ashtami, Chaturdhi, Rama Navami, Gokulashtami, Sivarathri, Somavaram (Monday), Guruvaram (Thursday) and Santoshi Mada (Friday).  

The above list may sound pretty exhaustive for a lay man but in olden days most of the people have followed it to perfection and have reaped fruits for the same. Again, please do not mis intrepret that fasting does not mean complete abstainenance from eating.  

There are various kinds of diets that can be followed on the above mentioned fasting days and one can follow it as per his/her convenience. There are certain kinds of foods or spices that are not supposed to be taken on those days and it is merely adhering to those guidelines.  

While all other fasting may be optional there is one fasting that is mandatory for all the Hindus and that is 'Ekadasi'.  

Source - Jagath Guru Sri Kanchi Maha Periayavaa

13. What are the various kinds of diets to be observed on fasting days ?  
 
Some people refrain from taking salt on particular days. It is common knowledge that excess salt and sodium causes hypertention or elevation of blood pressure.  
 
Another common kind of fast is to forego or consume cereals (Idly/Dosa/Poori/Chapathi) at a minimum level or only fruits are eaten. Such a diet is known as 'Phalahar'. Boiled rice is normally avoided on the fasting days.  
 
To sum up, the following are the levels of fasting and one may follow this as per his/her convenience:  
 
Level 1 - Nirjalam (Complete abstainance from food and water)  
 
Level 2 - Sathivik (Soft) liquids alone. Examples: Water, Milk. Keep this to minimum.  
 
Level 3 - Sathvik (Soft) liquids during noon and Fruits with milk during evening. Do not have it full, have it as required.  
 
Level 4 - Fruits during noon and light cereal (Idly/Dosa/Poori/Chapathi) during evening. As required.  
 
Any process has to be gradual and systematic. The objective of an individual should start on Level 4, get his senses and body tuned slowly to the process and gradually climb to the other levels. This is completely dependent and based on the individual's life style, mind set and body constitution.  
 
Source - Sanatana Dharma Sastras  


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14. What is the significance behind Ekadasi fasting and the tradtional reasons behind it ?

Ekadasi in Sanskrit means eleven. ‘Eka’ means “one” and ‘dasi’ is the feminine form of the word “dasa”, which means “ten”. Ekadasi is thus the eleventh day of the lunar cycle and occurs twice a month, both the dark and light fortnight of each month. On these special days, devotees fast from grains, beans and especially rice to make an extra effort to be in service to the Divine.

There is a beautiful story about the origin of Ekadasi fasting. Once, in the Satya-yuga (the golden age) Lord Narayana was engaged in battle with a demon called Mura. Feeling tired, the Lord decided to rest from the long battle. However, mura wanted to kill the Lord while he was sleeping. Suddenly from the body of the Lord manifested a young girl, who slayed the demon, Mura. This girl was the Mahasakti. Pleased, Narayana gave her the name Ekadasi (as she appeared on the eleventh day of the waning moon). He also granted her the boon that anyone who fasts on Ekadasi will become free from sin and attain His transcendental abode.

Per our scriptures, any one born as a Hindu, irrespective of gender, aged from 8 to 80 should observe this fast. Persons below 8 and above 80 years of age can also observe this fast based on their body constitution and mind set. The scriptures clearly states that if anyone who does not make an effort to fast on this day, the sin is equivalent to consuming dog’s excretion. (Sri Kanchi Mahaswamigal in Deivathin Kural)

According to scriptures, one who observes fasting on Ekadasi is freed from all kinds of reactions to sinful activities and advances in spiritual life. These sacred fasting days greatly help any sincere soul achieve, even within this present lifetime, liberation from the cycle of birth and death, it is said… therefore, Ekadasi gives one a real taste of renunciation, thus helping one give up trying to enjoy illusory sense gratification of this material world.

The basic principle is not just to fast, but to increase one’s faith and love for the Divine. The real reason for observing fasting on ekadasi is to minimize the demands of the body and to engage our time in the service of the Divine. As stated by the Vedic scripts, Ekadashi fast begins on the day before the Ekadasi, on the Dashami (the tenth phase of the Moon), continues on the day of Ekadasi and ends on the Dvadasi, the day after Ekadasi (the twelfth phase of the Moon). Alcohol and non-vegetarian food are prohibited. One should not shave the body, face or head; spread oils on one's body; do not lie; or participate in tough exercise or labor. The person should engage himself/herself in chanting, hearing and reading and discussing the stories/history of the Lord and involve in other spiritual services. The pious services carried out on this day are more effective. There are certain rules regarding fasting on this day. RICE IS STRICTLY PROHIBITED eating on this day. One should follow any of the four levels of fasting as below, the most effetive being Level 1.

Level 1 - Nirjalam (Complete abstainance from food and water)
Level 2 - Sathivik (Soft) liquids alone. Examples: Water, Milk. Keep this to minimum.
Level 3 - Sathvik (Soft) liquids during noon and Fruits with milk during evening. Do not have it full, have it as required.
Level 4 - Fruits during noon and light cereal (Idly/Dosa/Poori/Chapathi) during evening. As required.

Source - Sanatana Dharma Sastras and Deivathin Kural  


Archives - http://perspectivehinduism.blogspot.com/ (Courtesy Shri. Siva Sankaran)

On another note, both western and ayurvedic medicine recommend fasting to maintain and improve health. Indeed modern medical experts and ancient sages agree that fasting benefits one, both physically and mentally. Even from the economic point of view, two such fasting days in a month will save tons of food which can be helped to serve the countless poor and needy.

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15. What is the scientific rationale behind Ekadasi fasting ?

The number of people observing Ekadashi has been decreasing because the younger people, as well as intelligent ones, who would rather understand the significance and benefit of following a custom instead of observing it blindly., are unable to see any philosophical or rationale significance and only marginal physiological value of such fasting. Thus, Ekadashi has lost its meaning.

It is obvious to the thinking individual that as is the case with a number of religious institutions, symbols, festivals and observances, the real meaning of Ekadashi has been forgotten and its being followed mechanically and blindly. Just as it is not prudent to discard a car when a part of it needs repair, it is not prudent to ignore Ekadashi just because we fail to grasp its significance. We need to remove the layer of dust covering its important observance.

In fact, a lot more to Ekadashi than mere fasting. This is explained in three parts. First, what is so special about the eleventh day of the lunar cycle? Why wasn't ninth day or first day chosen? The number eleven is sum of our five sense organs (eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin), our five motor organs (hands, feet, mouth, reproductive and excretory organs), and the mind. These are elements with which we function. Ekadashi serves to remind us that the mind is the key element. The mind makes decisions, directs the motor organs to perform certain deeds and utilizes the sense organs to enjoy the fruits of the deeds. The focus of Ekadashi is this crucial eleventh element - the mind. (Contd.)


Our conscience, not our desires, should control our mind. Ekadashi is one day of each fortnight (two weeks) that is reserved for focusing on the mind to make it pure and pious. The decisions made by a pure mind are not governed by "needs" of the senses, but by divinity. A pure and pious mind leads the senses in right direction.

We must worship God this day. Devotion is a way to make the mind pure and pious. Upavas actually means , "to be near, to make closer". Thus the association of Upavas with Ekadashi is that this is the day each individual spends in purifying his mind as a means of bringing himself closer to God. The concept of fasting does have a relationship in this regard. In order to bring ourselves closer to God and spend more time with Him and His work, we should spend less time in sensual pleasures. In this respect fasting gives us chance to reduce our desires for food. We make our minds stronger by imposing this self-discipline. Unfortunately, over a number of generations, the real meaning of Upavas got lost. and its loose association with fasting remained as the only living remnant of Ekadashi.

There is yet one another, even more logical meaning of Ekadashi. This is the day we offer our energy, wealth and time in the service of God. God loves and protects us 24 hours a day, so we have more than enough reasons to be grateful to him. Therefore we must express our gratitude to Him, and thank Him for His bounty at least once every fortnight. Ekadashi is the designated day to do this. Besides offering Him our mind, we should engage ourselves in the task of spreading His wisdom from door to door. Every man and woman must be acquainted with the teachings of God. We should attempt to build a relationship with as many of his children as we can do on this day. (Contd.)


In order to be able to dedicate the entire day to God, we must stay away from our routine jobs and household work. The practice of no cooking on Ekadashi and only eating fruits came about so that instead of staying home and cooking, women could go out and do God's work also. We eat simple food on Ekadashi so that we have more time to show our gratitude to God on that day. When we understand the philosophical significance in logical manner, we appreciate the significance of fasting associated with it.

With eternally appreciative nature, it reminds us to be thankful to those who maintained even the remnants of Ekadashi through generations. They did it because they maintained the aspects of Ekadashi that they understood, we are not able to appreciate Ekadashi as originally conceived. The observance of Ekadashi as originally was multipurpose. Individual spiritual development was of course an objective. When large number of people utilized the day to spread the wisdom of God door to door for a long period of time, they contributed to instilling the vedic thoughts in to the masses of India. Thus Ekadashi contributed to individual spiritual development as well as to the upliftment of the masses.

Having understood the concept of Ekadashi, we too would like to observe it in its true sense. However, in today's society, it may not be possible to take a day off of work or school every eleventh day of the lunar month. The essence of Ekadashi still can be maintained by observing it on Saturday or Sunday or by observing one weekend per month to perform God's work. If its not possible to do this, a person can still maintain the spirit of Ekadashi by taking 24 days off at one time each year and going out of town or out of country to do God's work and to uplift himself as well as others.

There is one additional way of observing Ekadashi. If it is not possible for a person to take any time off from daily routine, he can offer his Ekadashi day's earnings in God's service. Ekadashi does not only mean fasting once every two weeks. Ekadashi means controlling one's senses and mind through self-discipline. Ekadashi gives us that opportunity to thank God for all that He does that by offering one day out of fifteen for His work. When we understand this meaning of Ekadashi, our respect for our ancient Indian Vedic culture increases. When we decide to put this observance of Ekadashi in regular practice ourselves, we greatly enhance our spiritual development.

Source - Sanatana Dharma Sastras  

Sanatana Dharma - Thought for the day - WHY DO WE?
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16. Why do we do pradakshina (circumambulate)?

We cannot draw a circle without a center point. The Lord is the center, source and essence of our lives. Recognizing Him as the focal point in our lives, we go about doing our daily chores. This is the significance of pradakshina.

Also every point on the circumference of a circle is equidistant from the center. This means that wherever or whoever we may be, we are equally close to the Lord. His grace flows towards us without partiality.

Source - Chinmaya Mission  


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17. Why is pradakshina done only in a clockwise manner?

The reason is not, as a person said, to avoid a traffic jam! As we do pradakshina, the Lord is always on our right. In India the right side symbolizes auspiciousness. So as we circumambulate the sanctum sanctorum we remind ourselves to lead an auspicious life of righteousness, with the Lord who is the indispensable source of help and strength, as our
guide - the "right hand".

Indian scriptures enjoin - matrudevo bhava, pitrudevo bhava, acharyadevo bhava. May you consider your parents and teachers as you would the Lord. With this in mind we also do pradakshina around our parents and divine personages.

After the completion of traditional worship (pooja), we customarily do pradakshina around ourselves. In this way we recognize and remember the supreme divinity within us, which alone is idolized in the form of the Lord that we worship outside.

Source - Chinmaya Mission.  

//Above extracts courtesy Sri Sai, Thuglak Reader forum posts on 10.11.2011 edition 'Cartoons by Sri' column//

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